The recent progresses on the research field of biomedical sciences and its different areas necessitates providing the infrastructure and services needed to keep pace with the advances in the different scientific disciplines. To achieve that, An-Najah National University offers its medical students at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences the central research laboratory, which is well-prepared and equipped with the latest tools and devices needed for the scientific research.

The central research laboratory consists of:
 

Genetic Research and Cell Transplant Lab : It aims to carry out research regarding genetics, molecular biochemistry, and cell transplant in terms of:

• Discovering genetic mutations and their relation to genetic diseases.
• Molecular Medicine Science, which studies infectious and chronic diseases at the molecular level.
• Studying the impact of medicines, plants, and organic compounds on the different cells and tissues through a special discrete unit.
• Studying cellular signs and means of regulating them in normal cases as well as diseases.

The Neuroscience Research Centers on Glutamate Ion Channel Receptors (iGluRs). These receptors mediate synaptic neurotransmission and are indispensable in brain activity, such as ‎memory and learning. Upon binding to glutamate, the glutamate receptor rapidly ‎changes its conformation and opens its ion channel pore to allow small cations such as ‎sodium ions to flow across the cellular membrane, transmitting an electrical signal ‎between neurons. Moreover, research will concern the membrane proteins on the cell ‎surface. The activity of virtually every cell is regulated by extracellular signals, such as ‎neurotransmitters, hormones, and sensory stimuli. These signals are transmitted into the ‎cell interior via membrane receptor proteins. Understanding how these membrane proteins mediate signal transmission and transduction is the primary research interest in the neuroscience laboratory. We are particularly interested in the structure and function relationship, the kinetic and molecular mechanism of protein function by protein-protein and protein-drug interactions. We also attempt to develop better inhibitor/potentiators to regulate ‎membrane protein functions. In the long term, we hope that our research will provide ‎not only insight into the mechanisms of action of these molecular machines but also ‎clues for the design of molecular devices, which can be used (i) for studying signal ‎transduction pathways and (ii) as diagnostic/detection tools for disease treatment. We ‎use an interdisciplinary approach in our research, including rapid kinetic techniques ‎suitable for membrane proteins, biochemical and biophysical chemistry, molecular ‎biology, electrophysiology, and neuroscience.‎

Conducts basic, translational, and clinical research to develop novel drugs to assist the body in killing cancer cells and develop optimal conditions to regrow, repair or replace damaged or diseased cells, organs or tissues.

The aim is to translate findings into clinical trials that make a difference in the lives of patients (from bench to bedside) as we work in tandem with academic and industry colleagues.

The goals are to identify critical genes and pathways that distinguish cancer from normal (stem) cells, isolate tissue-specific stem cells and define the conditions that are required to repair damaged tissues, develop novel drugs for cancer therapy and regenerative medicine, fix defective, disease-causing genes (gene therapy) and re-growth of damaged tissues (body parts).

The animal lab is a service unit.  It was established in 2016 with the primary mission to breed specific laboratory animals free of pathogens for research and education purposes, mainly for the faculty of medicine and health sciences, although animals are also provided for other departments and units of the university. The lab also provides advice on matters related to laboratory animal science.

The lab is divided into :

• Stock room, which includes mice (Balb/c & C57) and hamsters, where reproduction is made upon request.
• Research room, where the mice are separated according to protocols and scientific research.

In the Medicinal Plant Products Research Laboratory, various types of medicinal plants are studied in terms of:

• Preparing several types of plant extracts and extracting essential and fixed oils, if any, with the latest equipment.
• Conducting a set of laboratory tests to find out the active substances in each prepared plant extract.
• Examination of essential oils using gas chromatography device.
• Conducting tests to detect the safety of the plant and its readiness for human use.
• Measuring the effectiveness of plant extracts as antioxidants and their ability to inhibit free radicals.
• Examination of the effect of plant extracts on lipase, amylase and skin enzymes.
• Studying the effect of plant extracts and different essential oils as antimicrobial on different types of microbes (bacteria, fungi, etc.)

The pharmaceutical technology lab is concerned with the development of new pharmaceutical formulations to provide the adequate dosage form. The lab is equipped with the up-to-date required instruments such as ultrasonicators, thermogravimetric analyzers, differential scanning calorimeter, dissolution apparatus, tableting machine, extruders and granulators.

The lab deals with the basic and applied research for the innovation of various dosage forms to design, as required, drugs with specific characteristics such as controlled and sustained release properties.

This lab is considered a comprehensive center equipped with the latest tools and equipment that students may need in various practical fields. The lab is distinguished by providing an ideal environment for practical and experimental work, which enhances students' ability to apply the theoretical concepts they learn in the classroom.

The availability of advanced tools in the lab not only contributes to training students on how to use modern technologies in the field of computer engineering but also offers an excellent opportunity for scientific research. Students and researchers can conduct scientific experiments and practical studies that contribute to developing new solutions for contemporary technical challenges. Moreover, the lab helps enable students to carry out research that keeps up with rapid developments in fields such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and cybersecurity, thereby strengthening the university's role in developing knowledge and contributing to scientific progress at both local and international levels.

By integrating the lab with scientific research, students can participate in research projects, field experiments, and technological development programs that help enhance their abilities and motivate them toward creativity and innovation.

Tools and Equipment:

1. Power Supply: Used to provide the necessary power to electronic components and devices in practical experiments.

2. Function Generator: A device used to generate electrical signals in various waveform shapes (e.g., sine, square) to test electronic circuits.

3. Oscilloscope: A device for displaying and analyzing electrical signals, providing insights into how signals change over time.

4. Chip Programmer: Used to program electronic chips and microcontrollers before using them in projects and circuits.

5. Serial Cables: Used for communication between devices and computers to transfer data.

6. Agilent Logic Wave: A device for analyzing digital data signals in the system to measure and record logical events.

7. Graphical LCD: Used to display information and outputs generated by controlled devices.

8. Quick Start 16 PIC Board 750: A development board that contains a PIC microcontroller. It is an ideal platform for learning programming and testing circuits.

9. Embest EM-AT91SAM3U: A development platform based on a 32-bit ARM processor, used for applications that require powerful processors.

10. Embest EM-STM3210C: A development platform based on the STM32 processor, suitable for control applications in complex systems.

11. PIC 32 USB Starter Kit II: A development platform from PIC that contains a 32-bit processor, ideal for building and testing advanced embedded systems.

12. MIKROELEKTRONIKA LV24-33 V6: A development board from MikroElektronika with a 24-bit PIC processor, used in many precise design applications.

13. BeagleBoard-XM: An open-source development board based on an ARM processor, used in advanced applications such as image and video processing.

Role of the Lab in Scientific Research: These tools and equipment can be effectively integrated into scientific research through their applications in fields such as:

• Development and design of embedded systems.
• Study and analysis of digital systems.
• Creation of intelligent solutions using microcontrollers.
• Improving the performance of electronic devices through practical experiments.
• Conducting scientific research in areas such as artificial intelligence, signal processing, and the Internet of Things.

Research students can benefit from these tools to execute their research projects and develop innovative models that keep up with the latest technological developments in electronic and computer engineering.

This lab is used to conduct scientific experiments related to networking and advanced networking courses, as well as network security research. The lab aims to provide an educational and practical environment that enables students and researchers to acquire the necessary skills in the field of networking and information security, by conducting experiments designed to understand network architecture, configuring devices, analyzing network protocols, and studying network defense and security techniques.

Scientific and Research Objectives:

1. Study of Network Architecture: Examining how devices connect to each other using different cabling methods and configuring local area networks.
2. Application of TCP/IP Protocols: Conducting experiments to understand how to configure workstations on the network and implement TCP/IP to enable communication between devices.
3. Configuring Routers and Switches: Configuring basic routers and switches to route data between different networks.
4. Creating Virtual LANs (VLANs): Learning how to divide the network into subnets to improve performance and management using VLANs.
5. Data Traffic Management: Using Access Control Lists (ACLs) and SNMP to manage data traffic across the network.
6. Security Analysis and Techniques: Conducting experiments on network security, including vulnerability analysis, penetration testing, and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS).
7. Encryption and Security Protocols: Studying encryption protocols such as SSL/TLS to ensure data protection during transmission.
8. Incident Response and Forensic Analysis: Simulating security incidents and conducting forensic analysis to investigate attacks and improve security measures.

Equipment and Apparatus:

The lab is equipped with a variety of specialized equipment, including:

• Cisco Switch WS-C2950
• Cisco Router 2600, 2500, 1720
• Cisco Switch WS-C3550-48-SMI
• Super Stack 3com | 3C 16981 A
• Dual Speed Switch 8 port, 3Com 3C16791
• HUB 500 12 Port, 3Com DS
• Dell Server PowerEdge T410
• Remote Cable Tester (LAN tester)
• LAN test, Multi-Network Modular Cable Tester
• Case, Dell Optiplex P4, HP Compaq P4, Siemens HP P4

These devices are used to perform advanced network testing, check connections, and test network responses through various protocols. Security testing is conducted using tools such as Wireshark, Metasploit, as well as IDS/IPS tools like Snort and Suricata.

Importance of the Lab in Research :

This lab provides a research and experimental environment that helps students and researchers explore networking and security concepts practically. Through experiments that include security techniques such as firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), students can enhance their skills in developing effective security solutions. Additionally, research in the field of network security contributes to the development of new tools and techniques to protect networks from increasing threats.

The Power Systems Research Lab is one of the leading and most advanced labs in the Department of Electrical Engineering. It integrates various interdisciplinary fields to provide a practical educational environment where students can conduct advanced tests on electrical power systems. The lab is equipped with modern, specialized devices that allow for the study and analysis of power systems, starting from generation units, through transmission lines, to load units with power factor correction panels.

Main Objectives of the Lab:

• Linking theoretical concepts with practical applications through advanced hands-on experiments on power systems.
• Providing students with real-world practical experience by working with actual power system devices and equipment.
• Performing comprehensive analysis of real power systems, from generation units to load units, considering all variables and interactions within the system.
• Encouraging interdisciplinary research between various engineering fields, such as electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and civil engineering, by studying the interaction between different power systems and systems that rely on multi-disciplinary technologies.

Interdisciplinary research in this lab is not limited to improving students' understanding of basic concepts in power systems; it extends to collaboration across multiple domains such as electrical analysis, automation, precise measurements, and mechanical systems. Through these interdisciplinary interactions, students develop skills to understand how these systems can be integrated more efficiently and safely.

List of Experiments:

1. Introduction to Power Systems Lab.
2. Motor-Generator Unit.
3. Transmission Line at No Load.
4. Protection Relays.
5. Transmission Line Performance Under Different Load Conditions.
6. Parallel Operation of Generators.
7. Series-Parallel Operation of Power Transmission Lines Under Load.
8. Parallel Connection of a Three-Phase Synchronous Generator with the Public Mains.
9. Studying the Operation of a Power Transmission Line in the Event of a Ground Fault.
10. Power Factor Correction Using a Synchronous Compensator.
11. Power Factor Correction Using C-PF/EV Panel.
12. Studying the Operation of Protection Relays, Including Distance Protection Relays.
13. Overall Power System Operation.

Through this approach, the lab contributes to enhancing interdisciplinary research and expanding collaboration across various engineering disciplines to provide innovative and sustainable solutions in the field of electrical power systems.

The Electrical Machines Systems Research Lab is an essential part of the electrical engineering curriculum, offering students an in-depth understanding of both DC and AC electrical machines, including motors, generators, and transformers. The lab is equipped with state-of-the-art devices and equipment, providing students with the practical tools necessary to conduct a variety of tests and measurements on single-phase and three-phase transformers, as well as DC and AC machines.

This lab not only serves to enhance theoretical knowledge but also fosters interdisciplinary research, integrating concepts from multiple fields such as electrical, mechanical, and control engineering. By working with these complex systems, students develop a holistic understanding of how electrical machines operate within broader power systems, gaining valuable hands-on experience while also improving their ability to collaborate across disciplines.

The Electrical Machines Systems  Research Lab bridges the gap between multiple engineering disciplines, combining electrical, mechanical, and control systems engineering. Students explore the interaction between electrical machines and broader systems, such as how control systems influence the operation of motors or how mechanical properties affect generator efficiency. The integration of concepts from these diverse fields enhances students' problem-solving abilities and fosters interdisciplinary research in fields such as automation, energy efficiency, and advanced control systems.

The lab’s interdisciplinary approach is crucial for advancing technological innovations in the field of electrical machines. Students gain insights not only into the functionality of these systems but also into how they can optimize performance and solve real-world engineering problems that require knowledge and skills across multiple domains.

The Advanced Manufacturing Processes Research Lab aims to provide electrical, mechanical, and manufacturing engineering students with hands-on training, enabling them to gain real-life experience in some of the most important manufacturing processes used in industry today. The lab is equipped with a variety of machinery and tools to simulate industrial processes, allowing students to explore, experiment, and develop practical skills. The lab’s core focus is to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and real-world applications, helping students understand the manufacturing techniques that shape the products they encounter daily.

The lab covers essential manufacturing processes, such as conventional turning, milling, sheet metal working, and sand casting, and offers students the opportunity to familiarize themselves with Computer Numerical Control (CNC) programming and CAD/CAM systems. This enables them to understand how these processes fit into the broader landscape of automated manufacturing, robotics, and modern industry practices. Students also gain exposure to the fundamental concepts and tools used in designing and producing parts in the manufacturing industry.

Additionally, this lab emphasizes interdisciplinary research, where students explore the intersection of manufacturing processes with various fields such as electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, automation, and industrial design. Through a combination of hands-on experience and theory, students collaborate on interdisciplinary projects that enhance their problem-solving and critical thinking skills, preparing them for the future demands of the industry.

Main Objectives:

• To provide students with real-world experience in essential manufacturing processes, including conventional turning, milling, sheet metal working, and sand casting.
• To introduce students to CNC programming and CAD/CAM technology, enabling them to develop practical skills that align with current industry standards.
• To enhance students' understanding of the application of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing in the production of industrial components.
• To encourage interdisciplinary research, fostering collaboration between different engineering disciplines to solve complex manufacturing challenges.

Apparatus:

• Lathe Machine: For turning operations, enabling students to shape and design cylindrical parts.
• Manual Cutting Threads Tools: For producing thread profiles on components.
• Milling Machine: A versatile machine used for cutting and shaping a variety of materials, critical in precision manufacturing.
• Deep Drawing Machine: For sheet metal forming and producing complex shapes.
• Metal Spinning Machine: Used for spinning metal sheets into cylindrical parts.
• Patterns, Gates, Risers, and Sprues Plates for Sand Casting: Tools and components necessary for the sand casting process.
• Centrifugal Casting Machine: A machine used to produce cylindrical castings by using centrifugal force.
• CNC Turning Machine: An automated machine for turning operations with the capability for precise control and programming.
• CNC Milling Machine: A machine for milling operations with computer-controlled precision.

In this lab, students also explore how electrical engineers’ knowledge of sensors and actuators can be applied to improve the efficiency of manufacturing systems. Additionally, mechanical engineers can collaborate with electrical engineers to design and prototype smarter and more efficient production lines, where real-time data collection and process optimization are central.

Through interdisciplinary research, students are encouraged to innovate and collaborate across fields, leading to solutions that are more comprehensive and aligned with the cutting-edge technologies and practices used in modern manufacturing environments.

The Materials Testing Research Lab is designed to provide undergraduate students with practical experience in applying the concepts and principles studied in the engineering material properties course. The lab is equipped with state-of-the-art apparatuses for testing and analyzing a wide range of material properties, helping students understand how materials behave under different conditions and how these properties are crucial in engineering applications. The focus of this lab is to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and real-world material testing, preparing students for the challenges they will face in the engineering industry.

This lab also emphasizes interdisciplinary research, where students explore the connections between materials science, mechanical engineering, structural engineering, and manufacturing processes. The knowledge gained from this lab provides a foundation for understanding how materials interact with different forces and environments, enabling students to innovate and apply this understanding in a variety of engineering disciplines, from design and manufacturing to energy systems and construction.

Main Objectives:

• To provide students with hands-on experience in performing standard material testing procedures, enabling them to understand material behavior under different loading conditions.
• To familiarize students with various tests such as tensile, torsion, impact, and hardness tests, which are essential for selecting materials for engineering applications.
• To give students an understanding of the effects of heat treatment, precipitation hardening, and other processes on material properties, which is critical for material selection in real-world applications.
• To encourage interdisciplinary research by exploring the relationship between material properties and various engineering fields, including mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, and civil engineering

Apparatus:

• Brook’s Pendulum Tester: Used for impact testing to determine the energy absorbed by materials during sudden force application.
• Universal Material Testing Machine: A versatile machine used for tensile, compression, and bending tests to measure material strength.
• Torsion Testing Machine: Used to measure the twisting resistance of materials, providing insights into shear properties.
• Grinding Machine: For preparing specimens by grinding surfaces to create smooth, flat finishes for further testing.
• Polishing Machine: Used for preparing material surfaces by polishing them to mirror-like finishes for metallographic examination.
• Microscope with Screen Support: Provides high magnification for examining material microstructures and identifying phases and defects.
• Vickers Hardness Tester: A machine that measures hardness by indenting a material with a diamond pyramid and evaluating the size of the indentation.
• Brinell Hardness Tester: Used for measuring the hardness of materials, particularly for materials with coarse or uneven grain structures.
• Furnace (Oven): For heat treatment processes like annealing, quenching, and tempering, altering material properties by controlled heating and cooling.
• Rubber Block: Used in the rubber shear test for evaluating the shear strength of rubber materials.

Through interdisciplinary research, students develop a deeper understanding of how the properties of materials influence various engineering challenges, and they apply this knowledge to create innovative solutions that are practical, sustainable, and efficient in real-world scenarios.

The Chemical Reactors Research Lab is one of the most essential labs in the chemical engineering curriculum. It offers students a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental concepts related to the operation of various types of chemical reactors, such as Batch Reactors, Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTR), and Plug Flow Reactors (PFR). This lab serves as an extension of the theoretical studies, providing hands-on experience to better understand reactor dynamics, conversion, mixing, and the factors influencing these processes.

In this lab, students perform experiments to measure the conversion in the three main types of reactors (Batch, CSTR, and PFR), exploring the relationships between reactor design, operating conditions, and efficiency. Students gain valuable insight into the impact of mixing in batch reactors, particularly by examining how impeller type, impeller speed, and impeller position influence conversion. These experiments are carried out with both viscous and non-viscous fluids, enabling students to observe how different materials behave under various mixing conditions. The mixing intensity is measured using a spectrophotometer, providing quantitative data to analyze the effects of mixing on the reaction rates.

Main Objectives:

• To provide students with practical experience in working with the most common chemical reactors (Batch, CSTR, and PFR).
• To study the effects of mixing on conversion and how different mixing strategies can improve reactor performance.
• To measure and analyze the impact of various factors such as impeller type, position, and speed on reactor conversion and efficiency.
• To enhance understanding of the relationship between reactor design, operating conditions, and the efficiency of chemical reactions.
• To encourage interdisciplinary research, where students integrate knowledge from various engineering fields to solve complex chemical engineering problems.
• Microprocessor-Based pH/mV/°C Bench Meters: To measure pH, potential, and temperature in the reactors, providing essential data for reaction monitoring.
• Chemical Reactors Trainer CE 310: A versatile apparatus for demonstrating the operation of various types of chemical reactors, allowing for hands-on experiments and measurements.
• LabTech LSB-Series Shaking Water Bath: For controlling the temperature and maintaining uniform heating in chemical processes that require consistent thermal conditions.
• Digital Over-Head Stirrer: Used for mixing fluids at different speeds to observe the effects of stirring on reaction rates and conversion in batch reactors.
• Molecular Spectroscopy: For measuring the intensity of reactions and analyzing the progress of chemical reactions in the reactors.

The Chemical Reactors Research Lab encourages interdisciplinary research by bringing together chemical engineering concepts with mechanical engineering principles, especially in reactor design, and process engineering. Students explore how reactors can be optimized for better mixing, energy efficiency, and reduced environmental impact.

The Heat Transfer Operations Research Lab is a key lab in the study of thermal properties of materials and the processes of heat transfer. In this lab, students will conduct experiments to support their theoretical study of heat conduction in simple shapes and composite materials, convection, overall heat transfer coefficients, dimensional analysis, film and dropwise condensation, nucleate boiling, and film boiling of liquids (evaporation).

This lab aims to provide students with practical experience in heat transfer processes, including the study of conductors, work, radiation, thermal exchanges, heat transfer in fluid layers, evaporation, condensation, and drying.

The lab also promotes interdisciplinary research, combining knowledge from mechanical engineering and chemical engineering to understand and solve complex heat transfer problems. By engaging in these experiments, students apply their theoretical knowledge to real-world situations, enabling them to explore the critical role of heat transfer in various industrial processes.

Main Objectives:

• To familiarize students with the practical processes of heat transfer and help them understand the dynamics of heat exchange in various systems.
• To study the processes of heat conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation, condensation, and drying.
• To provide students with hands-on experience and insights into thermal systems and processes in both academic and industrial settings.
• To enhance interdisciplinary research, integrating thermal sciences, mechanical engineering, and chemical engineering in solving practical heat transfer challenges.

The Heat Transfer Operations Research Lab encourages interdisciplinary research by integrating concepts from mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, and thermal sciences. Students learn how heat transfer plays a critical role in various industrial processes and explore how improving heat transfer efficiency can optimize systems such as air conditioning, industrial heating, and energy recovery.

This interdisciplinary approach enables students to apply their knowledge across different engineering disciplines, helping them solve real-world heat transfer challenges. The lab provides a platform for exploring sustainable solutions and improving energy efficiency in modern industrial applications.

The Unit Operations Research Lab is a fundamental lab in the study of chemical processes, applying essential design equations in the design of various chemical processes such as absorption and stripping, distillation, solvent extraction, evaporative cooling, solid drying, crystallization, ion exchange, filtration, screening, sedimentation, computational methods in multistage and multicomponent systems, including particulate solids.

This lab aims to help students acquire practical knowledge of industrial unit operations. The experiments conducted in this lab include distillation, diffusion, absorption, stripping, evaporative cooling, crystallization, extraction of crystallized liquids, and mixing solid and liquid materials.

Main Objectives of the Lab:

• To help students acquire practical knowledge of fundamental chemical processes used in chemical industries.
• To conduct experiments that include distillation, diffusion, absorption, stripping, evaporative cooling, crystallization, extraction of crystallized liquids, and mixing solid and liquid materials.
• To apply mathematical equations and engineering models to design processes and evaluate performance in multistage and multicomponent systems.
• To promote interdisciplinary research by integrating chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and environmental engineering to improve process design and system analysis.

Apparatus Used in the Lab:

• Continuous Distillation Column (UOP3CC): For performing and evaluating continuous distillation operations.
• Liquid/Liquid Extraction Unit (UOP5): For solvent extraction and separation of components in liquid phases.
• Gas Absorption Column (UOP7): For studying gas absorption and understanding the effect of gases on liquids.
• Continuous Solid/Liquid Extraction Pilot Plant: For applying extraction operations in both solid and liquid phases.
• Single Stage Evaporation Unit: For studying evaporation processes in detail and analyzing their efficiency.

The Unit Operations Research Lab provides a unique opportunity for students to engage in interdisciplinary research between chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and environmental engineering. Through these experiments, students enhance their understanding of multistage system design and multicomponent systems, which require the integration of various chemical processes.

The lab encourages students to apply the theoretical concepts they learn in the classroom and solve practical challenges encountered in chemical industries when handling various materials.

The Control and Measurement Systems and Interdisciplinary Research Lab was established to assist students in understanding the theoretical concepts learned in courses related to control systems principles and measuring devices (transducers). This is achieved through a variety of practical experiments that allow students to apply their knowledge and gain hands-on experience.

In the control systems section, students explore open and closed-loop control systems and their applications, including level and flow control of fluids, electrical, electromechanical, and thermal systems, as well as position and speed control. The lab also provides practical exposure to the principles of controlling servomechanisms and conducting stability tests. Additionally, the lab covers topics such as system performance under the action of proportional (P), integral (I), and derivative (D) controllers, and measurements of both time and frequency response. Students will also simulate control systems using MATLAB and SIMULINK software to enhance their understanding of control system dynamics.

In the measuring devices section, the lab focuses on transducers and their construction. Students will experimentally identify static characteristics of sensing elements, such as ideal straight-line characteristics, non-linearity, sensitivity, hysteresis, resolution, and error bands. The experiments also demonstrate the loading effects in measurement systems, including the operation of deflection bridges and amplifiers, and show the process of analog-to-digital conversion and data acquisition.

The lab aims to integrate control systems theory and measurement systems with real-world applications, promoting interdisciplinary research by linking electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and instrumentation. Students gain valuable insights into both the theoretical aspects and practical challenges of control and measurement systems, preparing them to solve complex engineering problems in a variety of industries.

Main Objectives:

• To provide practical experience in control systems and measuring devices through hands-on experiments.
• To explore open and closed-loop control systems, level and flow control, position and speed control, and servomechanisms.
• To perform stability tests and analyze system performance with P, I, and D controllers.
• To simulate control systems using MATLAB and SIMULINK for enhanced understanding of control theory.
• To study transducers, their construction, and experimental identification of static characteristics of sensing elements.
• To understand analog-to-digital conversion and data acquisition techniques used in measurement systems.
• To promote interdisciplinary research linking control systems, measurement systems, and engineering applications.

Apparatus Used in the Lab:

• Control Systems Trainer Kits: For practical control system applications such as fluid flow control, position control, and servomechanism control.
• Proportional, Integral, and Derivative Controllers: For tuning and testing controller performance.
• MATLAB and SIMULINK Software: For simulating control systems and analyzing system behavior.
• Transducer Test Equipment: For analyzing static characteristics and performance of sensing elements.
• Deflection Bridges and Amplifiers: For testing and demonstrating loading effects in measurement systems.
• Data Acquisition System: For capturing data and performing analog-to-digital conversion in measurement applications.

The Control and Measurement Systems Research Lab fosters interdisciplinary research by combining knowledge from electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and instrumentation. The lab's experiments bridge the gap between control theory and measurement applications, allowing students to explore complex engineering problems across multiple domains.

The Robotics and Automation Systems Research Lab is designed to provide students with hands-on experience in the programming and simulation of robotic industrial operations. This lab focuses on practical applications of CNC-Lathe and CNC milling machines, as well as the simulation of industrial processes using standard PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers) systems. Students will engage in experiments related to industrial automation, including assembly stations and product sorting applications, which are essential for real-world industrial processes.

In this lab, students will learn how to program robotic systems, control automated machinery, and simulate industrial tasks, gaining practical knowledge in the design and operation of automated systems. The lab fosters an understanding of how robotics and automation are integrated into modern manufacturing environments, with a focus on industrial applications and real-world problem-solving. The lab also emphasizes interdisciplinary research, combining principles from robotics, control systems, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering to provide a comprehensive understanding of automated systems.

Main Objectives of the Lab:

• To equip students with the skills necessary for programming and simulating robotic industrial operations.
• To provide hands-on experience with CNC-Lathe and CNC milling machines in real-world applications.
• To introduce students to PLC programming for simulating industrial processes.
• To conduct experiments in industrial automation, focusing on assembly stations and product sorting.
• To promote interdisciplinary research by integrating concepts from robotics, control systems, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering.

Apparatus Used in the Lab:

• CNC-Lathe Machines: For practical programming and operation of computer-controlled turning processes.
• CNC Milling Machines: For precise milling operations, programmed through CNC controls.
• Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC): For simulating and controlling industrial processes in automation systems.
• Robotic Arm Systems: For practical experiments in programming and controlling robotic arms for industrial tasks.
• Automation Equipment for Assembly Stations and Product Sorting: For studying industrial automation in assembly and sorting processes.

The Vibrations and Mechanical Systems Research Lab is designed to provide students with hands-on experience and practical knowledge related to the principles studied in the Vibrations course. The primary objectives of this lab are to investigate key vibration principles, practice with laboratory devices, and conduct experiments that complement and enhance the material covered in the Vibrations course.

Main Objectives of the Lab:

• To investigate and study the principles of vibrations in various mechanical systems.
• To practice on laboratory devices and instruments used in the study of vibrations.
• To conduct experiments that support and deepen understanding of the material learned in the Vibrations course.
• To enhance students’ ability to apply theoretical knowledge of vibrations to practical systems in mechanical engineering.
• To promote interdisciplinary research by integrating knowledge from various engineering fields, providing a holistic understanding of vibrations and their applications in industry.

The Vibrations and Mechanical Systems Research Lab fosters interdisciplinary research by integrating principles from mechanical engineering, dynamics, control systems, material science, and dynamic systems analysis. Students are encouraged to engage with research topics that explore the behavior of mechanical systems under vibrational forces, the design and optimization of damping systems, and the development of advanced vibration measurement techniques. This approach prepares students to contribute to innovations in fields such as automotive engineering, aerospace technology, and manufacturing systems.

The Concrete Materials Testing Research Lab is designed to provide students with hands-on experience in evaluating the physical properties and performance of aggregates, fresh concrete, and hardened concrete. This lab allows students to conduct essential tests to ensure that concrete materials meet the required specifications for use in construction projects. Through various experiments, students learn how to test, analyze, and interpret results related to aggregate gradation, air content, compressive strength, and other important concrete characteristics.

Main Objectives of the Lab:

• To ensure that aggregates, fresh concrete, and hardened concrete meet the required standards and specifications.
• To conduct experiments related to concrete mix design, strength testing, and durability analysis.
• To provide students with a thorough understanding of how the quality of concrete materials affects the overall performance of construction projects.
• To enhance students' practical knowledge in concrete testing and material characterization.
• To promote interdisciplinary research by connecting civil engineering principles with material science, offering students a holistic understanding of concrete materials.

The Environmental Engineering  Research Lab is designed to introduce students to the fundamental principles of environmental chemistry and the testing of water and wastewater quality. This lab provides hands-on experience in performing experiments that are essential for understanding the quality and treatment of water, as well as monitoring wastewater. Through a series of practical experiments, students learn to measure and analyze key parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, conductivity, turbidity, and other water quality indicators.

The lab promotes interdisciplinary research by combining concepts from environmental engineering, chemistry, and water treatment technology. By engaging in experiments and research projects, students gain a deeper understanding of environmental issues, particularly in water and wastewater management. This knowledge is crucial for developing sustainable solutions to pressing environmental challenges.

Main Objectives of the Lab:

• To provide students with practical experience in testing water and wastewater quality parameters.
• To understand the basic concepts of chemistry and their application in environmental engineering.
• To measure and analyze essential water quality parameters, such as pH, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity, and assess their impact on water treatment processes.
• To offer students the opportunity to engage in interdisciplinary research, integrating environmental science, chemistry, and engineering in practical applications.
• To prepare students for careers in environmental engineering and water resource management by providing essential skills in water quality analysis.

Apparatus Used in the Lab:

• pH Meter: For measuring the acidity or alkalinity of water samples.
• Dissolved Oxygen Meter: For determining the concentration of oxygen dissolved in water.
• Conductivity Meter: To measure the electrical conductivity of water, indicating the presence of dissolved salts and minerals.
• Turbidity Meter: For measuring the cloudiness or haziness of water caused by suspended solids.
• Alkalinity Test Kit: For determining the buffering capacity of water.
• COD/BOD Testing Apparatus: For measuring the chemical and biological oxygen demand in wastewater samples.
• Water Quality Sampling Tools: For collecting and preparing water samples for analysis.

The Environmental Engineering Research Lab fosters interdisciplinary research by blending environmental engineering, chemistry, water treatment technologies, and sustainable practices. Students are encouraged to explore the interaction between chemical parameters and the environment, investigate water and wastewater treatment methods, and develop solutions to improve water quality and environmental protection. This approach prepares students to tackle complex environmental challenges and contribute to sustainable development.

The Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics Engineering Research Lab is designed to provide students with practical experience in studying the principles of fluid mechanics and hydraulics. Through a series of hands-on experiments, students explore the fundamental concepts of fluid properties, hydrostatics, pressure measurement, velocity and flow measurement, and various flow measurement devices such as orifices, Venturi meters, and weirs. The lab also covers the study of flow in open channels and the operation of pumps.

This laboratory serves to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and real-world application, allowing students to observe and analyze fluid behavior in controlled experiments. The integration of interdisciplinary research encourages the application of fluid dynamics, hydraulic engineering, and mechanical principles to understand and solve practical engineering problems.

Main Objectives of the Lab:

• To investigate key principles of fluid mechanics studied in the fluid mechanics course.
• To learn how to measure essential parameters and properties in fluid mechanics, such as velocity, pressure, and flow.
• To provide hands-on experience with laboratory equipment and devices used in fluid mechanics experiments.
• To connect theoretical knowledge with practical applications in fluid mechanics and hydraulics.
• To develop an understanding of the behavior of fluids in different systems and environments, which is critical for designing and analyzing hydraulic structures and fluid systems.

The Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics Engineering Lab encourages interdisciplinary research by integrating fluid dynamics, hydraulic engineering, and mechanical systems. Students are encouraged to explore how different fluid flow principles interact in real-world applications, such as in the design of water distribution systems, drainage systems, and hydraulic machines. The lab provides a comprehensive understanding of fluid behavior, which is essential for students pursuing careers in civil engineering, mechanical engineering, and environmental engineering.

The Highway Pavements and Materials Research Lab offers comprehensive training in the area of Asphaltic Materials and Paving Mixtures. It is fully equipped to perform a wide range of practical tests on road aggregates, bitumen, bituminous materials, bituminous mixes, and soil subgrade evaluation. Through hands-on experiments, students will gain the knowledge necessary to assess and evaluate materials commonly used in the construction of highways and roadways.

Main Objectives of the Lab:

• To familiarize students with the engineering properties and characteristics of materials used in highway construction, including aggregates, bitumen, and asphaltic mixes.
• To provide hands-on experience in mix design procedures, including the creation of bituminous mixtures and evaluations of their mechanical properties.
• To conduct and analyze field and laboratory tests to determine the suitability and performance of materials for highway pavements.
• To connect theoretical knowledge with practical applications by using lab-based tests and exercises that mirror real-world engineering practices.
• To encourage interdisciplinary research that integrates materials engineering, civil engineering, and transportation engineering principles in solving real-world pavement and road construction issues.

Apparatus Used in the Lab:

• California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Apparatus: For testing the load-bearing capacity of subgrade soils.
• Penetration Testing Apparatus: To measure the consistency of bituminous materials.
• Saybolt Universal/Furol Viscometer: For measuring the viscosity of bituminous materials.
• Flash and Fire Point Apparatus (Cleveland Open Cup Method): To test the flammability of bituminous materials.
• Ring and Ball Apparatus: To measure the softening point of asphalts and tar pitches.
• Ductility Testing Apparatus: For determining the ductility of bituminous materials.
• Marshall Stability Test Apparatus: For designing and testing asphalt concrete mixtures, including voids analysis.
• Asphalt Binder Extraction Equipment: For extracting and analyzing binder content in asphaltic mixes.
• Skid Resistance Tester: To evaluate the frictional properties of road surfaces.

The Highway Pavements and Materials  Research Lab fosters interdisciplinary research by integrating materials science, civil engineering, and transportation engineering concepts. Students are encouraged to explore the interactions between material properties and highway performance, analyze how materials respond to different environmental and load conditions, and investigate ways to improve road safety, durability, and sustainability. The lab provides essential tools and knowledge for solving complex challenges in the pavement engineering field, preparing students for careers in transportation infrastructure and materials engineering.

The Mechanics of Materials Research Lab provides students with the opportunity to explore the fundamental concepts of equilibrium in force systems, stress and strain relationships, and the mechanical properties of materials. This lab offers hands-on experiments designed to support the principles learned in the Mechanics of Materials course, with a focus on the application of equilibrium principles to structures such as beams and rigid bodies. The lab emphasizes practical applications of stress analysis, shear and bending forces, and the deflection of materials, offering a comprehensive understanding of material behavior under various loading conditions.

Students also investigate how material properties such as strength, deformation, and elasticity can be measured through experimental methods. The lab promotes interdisciplinary research, connecting materials science, structural engineering, and mechanical principles to solve real-world problems in material behavior and structural design.

Main Objectives of the Lab:

• To investigate and apply principles of strength mechanics studied in the Mechanics of Materials course.
• To learn how to measure key parameters and properties related to material behavior, such as stress, strain, shear, and bending forces.
• To connect theoretical knowledge with practical applications through hands-on experiments involving real materials and mechanical systems.
• To encourage interdisciplinary research in understanding the mechanical properties of materials and their behavior in various structural applications.

Apparatus Used in the Lab:

• Rubber in Shear Apparatus: For testing the shear properties of rubber materials.
• SM1 Torsion Testing Machine: For applying torsional loads to materials and measuring the resulting stresses.
• SM100 Universal Testing Machine: For performing tension and compression tests on materials to determine their mechanical properties.
• Combined Bending and Torsion Apparatus: For examining the combined effects of bending and torsion on structural materials.
• Deflection of Curved Bars Apparatus: For measuring the deflection of curved bars under loading.
• Extension of Wires Apparatus: For measuring elongation and calculating the Young’s Modulus of materials.
• Suspension Cable Apparatus: For studying the tension distribution and deformation in suspension cables.
• Deflection of Beams Apparatus: For measuring beam deflection under applied loads and studying the relationships between material, beam geometry, and applied loads.
• Equilibrium of a Rigid Body Apparatus: For demonstrating equilibrium principles in rigid body systems.
• Simple Suspension Bridge Apparatus: For analyzing the forces acting on a suspension bridge.
• Forces in a Truss Apparatus: For studying the internal forces in truss structures.
• Equilibrium of a Beam Apparatus: For analyzing beam equilibrium under different loading scenarios.
• Equilibrium of Forces Apparatus: For experimenting with static systems to study the balance of forces.

The Mechanics of Materials Research Lab fosters interdisciplinary research by incorporating materials science, structural engineering, and mechanical principles. Students are encouraged to explore the behavior of materials under various loading conditions, assess their mechanical properties, and design solutions for structural challenges. The lab provides the tools and knowledge necessary to understand the complexities of material behavior, making it an essential resource for students pursuing careers in civil engineering, mechanical engineering, and structural design.

The Soil Mechanics Research Lab is designed to provide students with hands-on experience in testing the physical properties of soil in accordance with international standards. The lab supports students' understanding of geotechnical engineering principles and allows them to investigate soil behavior under various conditions. By performing a range of laboratory tests, students gain valuable knowledge essential for the geotechnical engineering profession. These tests help in determining soil characteristics that influence the design and construction of foundations, pavements, and other infrastructure projects.

The lab emphasizes interdisciplinary research by incorporating principles from geotechnical engineering, material science, and structural engineering to evaluate soil properties and their implications for construction and engineering applications. This approach allows students to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world challenges, ensuring their readiness for professional practice in geotechnical fields.

Main Objectives of the Lab:

• To investigate and measure the physical properties of soil, such as grain size, compaction, and permeability, in line with geotechnical engineering standards.
• To develop hands-on skills in conducting soil tests and analyzing soil behavior in various environmental and loading conditions.
• To connect theoretical knowledge with practical applications, supporting the geotechnical engineering profession.
• To foster interdisciplinary research in understanding the impact of soil properties on engineering projects, construction techniques, and infrastructure development.

The Soil Mechanics Research Lab encourages interdisciplinary research by integrating principles from geotechnical engineering, material science, and structural engineering. Students can apply the knowledge gained in soil testing to real-world engineering challenges, such as foundation design, infrastructure development, and environmental sustainability. The lab prepares students to approach complex engineering problems through practical, research-based solutions.